“Who and What is the Negro, January 16, 1923. Heading a section titled “Black Africa,” there is
an ink paragraph which looks very much like Marcus Garvey’s hand, as might be numerous small cor-
rections throughout: “There is no white supremacy beyond the power and the strength of the white
man to hold himself against others. The supremacy of any race is not permanent; it is a thing only of
the time in which the race finds itself to be powerful, hence (and this is continued on the next page in
pencil) “out of the unsettled state and condition of the world will come such revolutions that will give
each and every race that is oppressed the opportunity to march forward.” There follows a six page
typed chapter headed “Racial reforms and Reformers,” which includes a number of clippings from the
pages of the Negro World. Then comes a seven page typed version (quite possibly the original, with
some corrections) of a notoriously controversial piece: “An Appeal to the Soul of White America”
dated October 6, 1923, first appeared in the pages of The Negro World. The next piece in the manu-
script (a Boston speech) is titled “Will the Negro Succumb to the White Man’s Plan of Economic
Starvation.” The last long piece, before a series of aphorisms, is “Statement on Release, Pending
Appeal,” dated September 10, 1923.” Garvey was indeed paroled but deported to Jamaica, and from
there to England. There is a version of Garvey’s first speech after release (September 13) and then the
remainder of the volume is made up of aphorisms, typed, manuscript and clipped pieces from the
Negro World. As far as we were able to determine, there is no other such manuscript known, for either
the first or second edition of the Philosophy and Opinions.
